昆明、昆明——到底有什么,到底缺什么
作者:Donnie 日期:2013-05-29
最近两年,工作生活渐渐稳定下来,回昆明的次数比以前多了。
每次启程前,都非常兴奋和期待,总在想着德胜桥豆花米线、想着盘龙江上的海鸥、想着开车时抬眼即见的蓝天白云、想着圆通寺的“利乐有情”牌坊和长虫山上的石头阵。总是发自心底地跟朋友们说:“我要回家了,有空跟我一起去昆明吧,昆明是云南最好的地方,她有山、有水、有人文历史、有自然胜景。只要你们来,我包吃包住!”
每次办理登机牌的时候,都跟柜台的女孩说:“给我安排靠窗的位子吧,嗯,不要机翅膀旁边的。”图的是在飞机降落前就能看到我的昆明,看到滇池和西山睡美人,看到那已经在Google地图上背得滚瓜烂熟的草海、白鱼口和海埂长堤。
我走过不少地方,见过好多四五层的立交桥,见过轮子比楼还高的大卡车,见过一周一个样蹭蹭往上长的摩天楼,见过一眼望不到边的跨海大桥,甚至也见过比昆明更美的行道树和高速路。不过,我和我周围的在外昆明人从来没觉得这些有多稀奇。因为,有卡车的地方没高楼,有高楼的地方没海鸥,有海鸥的地方没大山,有大山的地方没大湖,有大湖的地方没有四季如春的天气——即使是有春天的地方,它也没米线。
Copyright Law of the Peoples Republic of China
作者:Donnie 日期:2013-05-21
(Adopted at the 15th Meeting of the Standing Committee of the Seventh National People's Congress on September 7, 1990 and promulgated by order No.31 of the President of the People’s Republic of China on September 7, 1990; amended according to the Decision on Amending the Copyright Law of the People's Republic of China at the 24th Meeting of the Standing Committee of the Ninth National People's Congress on October 27, 2001)
Contents
Chapter I General Provisions
Chapter II Copyright
Section 1 Copyright Owners and Their Rights
Section 2 Ownership of Copyright
Section 3 Term of Protection for the Rights
Section 4 Limitations on Rights
Chapter III Copyright Licensing and Transfer Contracts
Chapter IV Publication, Performance, Sound Recording, Video Recording and Broadcasting
Section 1 Publication of Books, Newspapers and Periodicals
Section 2 Performance
Section 3 Sound Recording and Video Recording
Section 4 Broadcasting by a Radio Station or Television Station
Chapter V Legal Liabilities and Enforcement Measures
Chapter VI Supplementary Provisions
Chapter I General Provisions
Article 1 This law is enacted, in accordance with the Constitution, for the purpose of protecting the copyright of authors in their literary, artistic and scientific works and the rights and interests related to copyright, encouraging the creation and dissemination of works conducive to the building of a socialist society that is advanced ethically and materially, and promoting the progress and flourishing of socialist culture and sciences.
Article 2 Chinese citizens, legal entities or other organizations shall, in accordance with this Law, enjoy the copyright in their works, whether published or not.
The copyright enjoyed by foreigners or stateless persons in any of their works under an agreement concluded between China and the country to which they belong or in which they have their habitual residences, or under an international treaty to which both countries are parties, shall be protected by this Law.
Foreigners and stateless persons whose works are first published in the territory of China shall enjoy the copyright in accordance with this Law.
Any work of an author of a country that has not concluded any agreement with China or that is not a party to any international treaty to which China is a party and any work of a stateless person, which is first published in a member country of an international treaty to which China is a party, or simultaneously published in a member country of the treaty and in a non-member country, shall be protected by this Law.
Article 3 For purposes of this law, the term "works" includes, among other things, works of literature, art, natural sciences, social sciences, engineering and technology, which are created in any of the following forms:
(1) written works;
(2) oral works;
(3) musical, dramatic, quyi, choreographic and acrobatic works;
(4) works of the fine arts and architecture;
(5) photographic works;
(6) cinematographic works and works created by a process analogous to cinematography;
(7) graphic works such as drawings of engineering designs and product designs, maps and sketches, and model works;
(8) computer software; and
(9) other works as provided for in laws and administrative regulations.
Article 4 Works the publication and dissemination of which are prohibited by law shall not be protected by this Law.
In exercising their copyright, no copyright owners may violate the Constitution or laws, nor may they impair public interests.
Article 5 This Law shall not be applicable to:
(1) laws and regulations, resolutions, decisions and orders of State organs, other documents of a legislative, administrative or judicial nature and their official translations;
(2) news on current affairs; and
(3) calendars, numerical tables and forms of general use, and formulas.
Article 6 Measures for the protection of copyright in works of folk literature and art shall be formulated separately by the State Council.
Article 7 The administrative department for copyright under the State Council shall be responsible for the administration of copyright nationwide. The administrative departments for copyright under the people's governments of provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government shall be responsible for the administration of copyright in their respective administrative regions.
Article 8 Copyright owners or owners of the rights related to the copyright may authorize collective copyright administration organizations to exercise their copyright or rights related to the copyright. Upon authorization, a collective copyright administration organization may exercise the copyright or the rights related to the copyright in its own name for the copyright owner or the owner of the rights related to the copyright and participate as a party in legal or arbitration proceedings concerning the copyright or the rights related to the copyright.
Collective copyright administration organizations are non-profit organizations, and regulations concerning the way of their establishment, their rights and obligations, their collection and distribution of copyright licensing fees, and their supervision and administration shall be formulated separately by the State Council.
Chapter II Copyright
Section 1 Copyright Owners and Their Rights
Article 9 Copyright owners include:
(1) authors; and
(2) other citizens, legal entities and other organizations enjoying the copyright in accordance with this Law.
Article 10 Copyright includes the following personal rights and property rights:
(1) the right of publication, that is, the right to decide whether to make a work available to the public;
(2) the right of authorship, that is, the right to claim authorship in respect of, and to have the author's name mentioned in connection with, a work;
(3) the right of revision, that is, the right to revise or authorize others to revise a work;
(4) the right of integrity, that is, the right to protect a work against distortion and mutilation;
(5) the right of reproduction, that is, the right to produce one or more copies of a work by printing, photocopying, lithographing, making a sound recording or video recording, duplicating a recording, or duplicating a photographic work, or by other means;
(6) the right of distribution, that is, the right to provide the original copy or reproductions of a work to the public by selling or donating;
(7) the right of rental, that is, the right to authorize others to use temporarily a cinematographic work or a work created by a process analogous to cinematography, or computer software, except where the software itself is not the essential object of the rental;
(8) the right of exhibition, that is, the right to publicly display the original copy or reproductions of a work of the fine arts or of a photographic work;
(9) the right of performance, that is, the right to publicly perform a work, and to publicly communicate the performance of a work by any means or process;
(10) the right of presentation, that is, the right to publicly present a work of the fine arts, a photographic work, a cinematographic work, a work created by a process analogous to cinematography, or other works, by projector, slide projector or any other technology or instrument;
(11) the right of broadcasting, that is, the right to broadcast a work or disseminate it to the public by any wireless means, to communicate the broadcast of a work to the public by wire or by rebroadcasting, and to publicly communicate the broadcast of a work by loudspeaker or any other analogous instrument transmitting signs, sounds or images;
(12) the right of communication through information network, that is, the right to make a work available to the public by wire or by wireless means, so that people may have access to the work from a place and at a time individually chosen by them;
(13) the right of cinematography, that is, the right to fix an adaptation of a work in a medium by cinematography or a process analogous to cinematography;
(14) the right of adaptation, that is, the right to change a work into a new one with originality;
(15) the right of translation, that is, the right to change the language in which the work is written into another language;
(16) the right of compilation, that is, the right to compile by selection or arrangement preexisting works or passages therefrom into a new work; and
(17) other rights to be enjoyed by copyright owners.
Copyright owners may authorize others' exercising of the rights provided for in Subparagraph (5) through Subparagraph (17) of the preceding paragraph and receive remuneration in accordance with the terms of contracts or the relevant provisions in this Law.
Copyright owners may transfer, wholly or in part, the rights provided for in Subparagraph (5) through Subparagraph (17) of the first paragraph in this Article and receive fees in accordance with the terms of contracts or the relevant provisions in this Law.
Section 2 Ownership of Copyright
Article 11 Except where otherwise provided for in this Law, the copyright in a work shall belong to its author.
The author of a work is the citizen who creates the work.
Where a work is created under the auspices and according to the intention of a legal entity or other organization, which bears responsibility for the work, the said legal entity or organization shall be deemed to be the author of the work.
The citizen, legal entity or other organization whose name is mentioned in connection with a work shall, in the absence of proof to the contrary, be deemed to be the author of the work.
Article 12 Where a work is created by adaptation, translation, annotation or arrangement of a preexisting work, the copyright in the work thus created shall be enjoyed by the adapter, translator, annotator or arranger, provided that the exercise of such copyright does not prejudice the copyright in the preexisting work..
Article 13 Where a work is created jointly by two or more authors, the copyright in the work shall be enjoyed jointly by the co-authors. No co-authorship may be claimed by anyone who has not participated in the creation of the work.
Where a work of joint authorship can be separated into parts and exploited separately, each co-author may be entitled to independent copyright in the part that he creates, provided that the exercise of such copyright does not prejudice the copyright in the joint work as a whole.
Article 14 A collection of preexisting works or passages therefrom, or of data or other material which does not constitute a work, if manifesting the originality of a work by reason of the selection or arrangement of its contents, is a compilation. The copyright in such compilation shall be enjoyed by the compiler, provided that the exercise of such copyright does not prejudice the copyright in the preexisting works.
Article 15 The copyright in a cinematographic work or in a work created by a process analogous to cinematography shall be enjoyed by the producer of the work, while its scriptwriter, director, cameraman, lyricist, composer and other authors shall enjoy the right of authorship therein and shall be entitled to receive remuneration in accordance with the terms of the contracts concluded between them and the producer.
The authors of the script, the musical works and the other works which are included in a cinematographic work or in a work created by a process analogous to cinematography and which can be exploited separately shall be entitled to exercise their copyright independently.
Article 16 A work created by a citizen in the fulfillment of tasks assigned to him by a legal entity or other organization is a work created in the course of employment. Subject to the provisions of the second paragraph of this Article, the copyright in such work shall be enjoyed by the author; however, the legal entity or other organization shall have priority to exploit the work within the scope of its professional activities. Within two years after the completion of the work, the author may not, without the consent of the legal entity or other organization, authorize the exploitation of the work by a third party in the same manner as the legal entity or other organization exploits the work.
In any of the following cases, the author of a work created in the course of employment shall enjoy the right of authorship, while the legal entity or other organization shall enjoy the other rights included in the copyright and may reward the author:
(1) drawings of engineering designs and product designs, maps, computer software and other works which are created in the course of employment mainly with the material and technical resources of the legal entity or other organization and for which the legal entity or other organization bears responsibility;
(2) works created in the course of employment the copyright in which is, in accordance with laws, administrative regulations or contracts, enjoyed by the legal entity or other organization.
Article 17 The ownership of the copyright in a commissioned work shall be agreed upon in a contract between the commissioning and the commissioned parties. In the absence of such a contract or of an explicit agreement in such a contract, the copyright in the work shall belong to the commissioned party.
Article 18 The transfer of ownership of the original copy of a work of the fine arts or other works shall not be deemed to include the transfer of the copyright in such work or works; however, the right to exhibit the original copy of the work of the fine arts shall be enjoyed by the owner of the original copy.
Article 19 Where the copyright in a work belongs to a citizen, the rights as provided for in Subparagraph (5) through Subparagraph (17) of the first paragraph in Article 10 of this Law in respect of the work shall, after his death and during the term of protection provided for in this Law, be transferred in accordance with the provisions of the Law of Succession.
Where the copyright in a work belongs to a legal entity or other organization, the rights provided for in Subparagraph (5) through Subparagraph (17) of the first paragraph in Article 10 of this Law shall, after the change or the termination of the status of the legal entity or other organization and during the term of protection provided for in this Law, be enjoyed by the succeeding legal entity or other organization which takes over the former's rights and obligations, or, in the absence of such succeeding entity or organization, by the State.
Section 3 Term of Protection for the Rights
Article 20 No time limit shall be set on the term of protection for an author's rights of authorship and revision and his right to protect the integrity of his work.
Article 21 In respect of a work of a citizen, the term of protection for the right of publication and the rights as provided for in Subparagraph (5) through Subparagraph (17) of the first paragraph in Article 10 of this Law shall be the lifetime of the author and fifty years after his death, expiring on December 31 of the fiftieth year after his death. In the case of a work of joint authorship, the term shall expire on December 31 of the fiftieth year after the death of the last surviving author.
In respect of a work of a legal entity or other organization or a work which is created in the course of employment and the copyright (except the right of authorship) in which is enjoyed by a legal entity or other organization, the term of protection for the right of publication and the rights as provided for in Subparagraph (5) through Subparagraph (17) of the first paragraph in Article 10 of this Law shall be fifty years, expiring on December 31 of the fiftieth year after the first publication of such work; however, such work shall no longer be protected under this Law if it is not published within fifty years after the completion of its creation.
In respect of a cinematographic work, a work created by a process analogous to cinematography or a photographic work, the term of protection for the right of publication and the rights as provided for in Subparagraph (5) through Subparagraph (17) of the first paragraph in Article 10 of this Law shall be fifty years, expiring on December 31 of the fiftieth year after the first publication of such work; however, such work shall no longer be protected under this Law if it is not published within fifty years after the completion of its creation.
Section 4 Limitations on Rights
Article 22 In the following cases, a work may be used without permission from, and without payment of remuneration to, the copyright owner, provided that the name of the author and the title of the work are mentioned and the other rights enjoyed by the copyright owner in accordance with this Law are not prejudiced:
(1) use of another person's published work for purposes of the user's own personal study, research or appreciation;
(2) appropriate quotation from another person's published work in one's own work for the purpose of introducing or commenting a certain work, or explaining a certain point;
(3) unavoidable inclusion or quotation of a published work in the media, such as in a newspaper, periodical and radio and television program, for the purpose of reporting current events;
(4) publishing or rebroadcasting by the media, such as a newspaper, periodical, radio station and television station, of an article published by another newspaper or periodical, or broadcast by another radio station or television station, etc. on current political, economic or religious topics, except where the author declares that such publishing or rebroadcasting is not permitted;
(5) publishing or broadcasting by the media, such as a newspaper, periodical, radio station and television station of a speech delivered at a public gathering, except where the author declares that such publishing or broadcasting is not permitted;
(6) translation, or reproduction in a small quantity of copies of a published work by teachers or scientific researchers for use in classroom teaching or scientific research, provided that the translation or the reproductions are not published for distribution;
(7) use of a published work by a State organ to a justifiable extent for the purpose of fulfilling its official duties;
(8) reproduction of a work in its collections by a library, archive, memorial hall, museum, art gallery, etc. for the purpose of display, or preservation of a copy, of the work;
(9) gratuitous live performance of a published work, for which no fees are charged to the public, nor payments are made to the performers;
(10) copying, drawing, photographing or video-recording of a work of art put up or displayed in an outdoor public place;
(11) translation of a published work of a Chinese citizen, legal entity or other organization from Han language into minority nationality languages for publication and distribution in the country; and
(12) transliteration of a published work into braille for publication.
The provisions of the preceding paragraph shall be applicable also to the rights of publishers, performers, producers of sound recordings and video recordings, radio stations and television stations.
Article 23 Except where the author declares in advance that use of his work is not permitted, passages from a work, a short written work, musical work, a single work of the fine arts or photographic work which has been published may, without permission from the copyright owner, be compiled in textbooks for the purpose of compiling and publishing textbooks for the nine-year compulsory education and for national education planning, provided that remuneration is paid, the name of the author and the title of the work are mentioned, and the other rights enjoyed by the copyright owner in accordance with this Law are not prejudiced.
The provisions of the preceding paragraph shall be applicable also to the rights of publishers, performers, producers of sound recordings and video recordings, radio stations and television stations.
Chapter III Copyright Licensing and Transfer Contracts
Article 24 Anyone who exploits another person's work shall conclude a copyright licensing contract with the copyright owner, except where no permission need be obtained under this Law.
A licensing contract shall include the following main points:
(1) the category of the right to exploit the work covered by the license;
(2) the exclusive or non-exclusive nature of the right to exploit the work covered by the license;
(3) the territory and the term covered by the license;
(4) the rates of remuneration and the means of payment;
(5) the liabilities in the case of breach of the contract; and
(6) other matters which the parties consider it necessary to agree upon.
Article 25 Anyone who transfers any of the rights provided for in Subparagraph (5) through Subparagraph (17) of the first paragraph in Article 10 of this Law shall conclude a written contract.
A copyright transfer contract shall include the following main points:
(1) the title of the work;
(2) the category of the right to be transferred and the territory covered by the transfer;
(3) the rates of the transfer fee;
(4) the date and the means of payment of the transfer fee;
(5) the liabilities in the case of breach of the contract; and
(6) other matters that the parties consider it necessary to agree upon.
Article 26 The other party may not, without permission from the copyright owner, exercise any right that is not explicitly licensed or transferred by the copyright owner in the contract.
Article 27 The rates of remuneration for the exploitation of a work may be agreed upon by the parties and may also be paid in accordance with the rates fixed by the administrative department for copyright under the State Council in conjunction with the other departments concerned. In the absence of an explicit agreement in the contract, the remuneration shall be paid in accordance with the rates fixed by the said department under the State Council in conjunction with the other departments concerned.
Article 28 No publishers, performers, producers of sound recordings and video recordings, radio stations, television stations, etc. that exploit another person's work in accordance with the relevant provisions of this Law may infringe upon the authors' rights of authorship, revision or protection of the integrity of the works, or their right to remuneration.
Chapter IV Publication, Performance, Sound Recording, Video Recording and Broadcasting
Section 1 Publication of Books, Newspapers and Periodicals
Article 29 A book publisher who intends to publish a book shall conclude a publishing contract with, and pay remuneration to, the copyright owner.
Article 30 The exclusive right enjoyed by the book publisher in accordance with the agreement in the contract to publish a work that the copyright owner delivered to him for publishing shall be protected by law, and the work may not be published by others.
Article 31 The copyright owner shall deliver the work within the term specified in the contract. The book publisher shall publish the work in compliance with the quality requirements and within the term as specified in the contract.
The book publisher who fails to publish the work within the term specified in the contract shall bear civil liabilities provided for in Article 53 of this Law.
When the book publisher reprints or republishes the work, it shall notify the copyright owner of the matter and pay remuneration to him. If the publisher refuses to reprint or republish the work when the stock of the book is exhausted, the copyright owner shall have the right to terminate the contract.
Article 32 Where a copyright owner has submitted the manuscript of his work to a newspaper or periodical publisher for publication and has not received, within 15 days from the newspaper or within 30 days from the periodical publisher, counted from the date of submission of the manuscript, any notification of the said newspaper's or publisher's decision to publish the work, the copyright owner may submit the manuscript of the same work to another newspaper or periodical publisher for publishing, unless the parties have agreed otherwise.
Except where the copyright owner declares that no reprinting or excerpting of his work is permitted, a newspaper or periodical publisher may, after the work is published by another newspaper or periodical publisher, reprint the work or print an abstract of it or print it as reference material, provided that remuneration is paid to the copyright owner in accordance with relevant regulations.
Article 33 A book publisher may, with the permission of the author, revise or abridge the work.
A newspaper or periodical publisher may make editorial modifications and abridgments in the language of a work. Any revision in the contents of the work shall be subject to permission by the author.
Article 34 When publishing a work created by adaptation, translation, annotation, arrangement or compilation of a preexisting work, the publisher shall obtain permission from, and pay remuneration to, both the owner of the copyright in the work created by adaptation, translation, annotation, arrangement or compilation and the owner of the copyright in the preexisting work.
Article 35 A publisher shall have the right to permit another person to exploit, or prohibit such person from exploiting, the typographical design of the book or the periodical which he publishes.
The term of protection for the right specified in the preceding paragraph shall be ten years, expiring on December 31 of the tenth year after the first publication of the book or the periodical in which the typographical design is used.
Section 2 Performance
Article 36 A performer (an individual performer or a performing group) who exploits, for a performance, a work created by another person shall obtain permission from, and pay remuneration to, the copyright owner. Where a performance is organized by a person, the organizer shall obtain permission from, and pay remuneration to, the copyright owner.
Anyone who exploits, for a performance, a work created by adaptation, translation, annotation or arrangement of a preexisting work shall obtain permission from, and pay remuneration to, both the owner of the copyright in the work created by adaptation, translation, annotation or arrangement and the owner of the copyright in the preexisting work.
Article 37 A performer shall, in respect of his performance, enjoy the following rights:
(1) to claim performership;
(2) to protect the image inherent in his performance from distortion;
(3) to authorize others' live broadcasting or communicating to the public of his performance, and receive remuneration therefrom;
(4) to authorize others' making of sound recordings and video recordings of his performance, and receive remuneration therefrom;
(5) to authorize others' reproduction and distribution of the sound recordings and video recordings of his performance, and receive remuneration therefrom; and
(6) to authorize others' making of his performance available to the public through information network, and receive remuneration therefrom.
A person who is authorized exploitation of a work in the manner provided for in Subparagraph (3) through Subparagraph (6) of the preceding paragraph shall, in addition, obtain permission from, and pay remuneration to, the copyright owner.
Article 38 No time limit shall be set on the term of protection for the rights provided for in Subparagraphs (1) and (2) of the first paragraph in Article 37 of this Law.
The term of protection for the rights provided for in Subparagraph (3) through Subparagraph (6) of the first paragraph in Article 37 of this Law shall be fifty years, expiring on December 31 of the fiftieth year after the performance takes place.
Section 3 Sound Recording and Video Recording
Article 39 A producer of sound recordings or video recordings who exploits, for making a sound recording or video recording, a work created by another person shall obtain permission from, and pay remuneration to, the copyright owner.
A producer of sound recordings or video recordings who exploits a work created by adaptation, translation, annotation or arrangement of a preexisting work shall obtain permission from, and pay remuneration to, both the owner of the copyright in the work created by adaptation, translation, annotation or arrangement and the owner of the copyright in the preexisting work.
A producer of sound recordings who exploits, for making a sound recording, a musical work of which a lawful sound recording has been made, may do without permission from the copyright owner, but shall, in accordance with regulations, pay remuneration to the copyright owner; no such work may be exploited where the copyright owner declares that exploitation is not permitted.
Article 40 When making a sound recording or video recording of a performance, the producer shall conclude a contract with, and pay remuneration to, the performer.
Article 41 The producer of a sound recording or video recording shall enjoy the right to authorize others' reproducing, distributing or renting the sound recording or video recording or making it available to the public through information network and to receive remuneration therefrom. The term of protection for such right shall be fifty years, expiring on December 31 of the fiftieth year after the first completion of the recording.
Anyone who is authorized reproducing or distributing a sound recording or video recording or making it available to the public through information network shall, in addition, obtain permission from, and pay remuneration to, both the copyright owner and the performer.
Section 4 Broadcasting by a Radio Station or Television Station
Article 42 A radio station or television station that broadcasts an unpublished work created by another person shall obtain permission from, and pay remuneration to, the copyright owner.
A radio station or television station that broadcasts a published work created by another person may do without permission from, but shall pay remuneration to, the copyright owner.
Article 43 A radio station or television station that broadcasts a published sound recording may do without permission from, but shall pay remuneration to, the copyright owner, unless the parties have agreed otherwise. Specific measures in this regard shall be formulated by the State Council.
Article 44 A radio station or television station shall have the right to prohibit the following acts performed without its permission:
(1) broadcasting its programs; and
(2) making a sound recording or video recording of its programs and reproducing such recording.
The term of protection for the right specified in the preceding paragraph shall be fifty years, expiring on December 31 of the fiftieth year after the first broadcasting of a program.
Article 45 A television station that intends to broadcast a cinematographic work or a work created by a process analogous to cinematography, or a video recording produced by another person, shall obtain permission from, and pay remuneration to, the producer; in the case of a video recording, the television station shall, in addition, obtain permission from, and pay remuneration to, the copyright owner.
Chapter V Legal Liabilities and Enforcement Measures
Article 46 Anyone who commits any of the following acts of infringement shall, depending on the circumstances, bear civil liabilities such as ceasing the infringement, eliminating the bad effects of the act, making an apology or paying compensation for damages:
(1) publishing a work without permission of the copyright owner;
(2) publishing a work of joint authorship as a work created solely by oneself, without permission of the other co-authors;
(3) having one's name mentioned in another person's work in the creation of which one has taken no part, in order to seek personal fame and gain;
(4) distorting or mutilating a work created by another person;
(5) plagiarizing a work created by another person;
(6) exploiting a work for exhibition or film-making or in a manner analogous to film-making, or for adaptation, translation, annotation, or for other purposes, without permission of the copyright owner, except where otherwise provided for in this Law;
(7) exploiting a work created by another person without paying remuneration as one should;
(8) renting a cinematographic work or a work created by a process analogous to cinematography, computer software, or products of sound recording or video recording, without permission of the copyright owner or the owner of the rights related to the copyright, except where otherwise provided for in this Law;
(9) exploiting the typographical design of a published book or periodical, without permission of the publisher;
(10) live broadcasting, communicating to the public, or recording a performance, without permission of the performer; or
(11) committing other acts infringing upon the copyright and the rights related to the copyright.
Article 47 Anyone who commits any of the following acts of infringement shall, depending on the circumstances, bear civil liabilities such as ceasing the infringement, eliminating the bad effects of the act, making an apology or paying compensation for damages; where public rights and interests are impaired, the administrative department for copyright may order the person to discontinue the infringement, confiscate his unlawful gains, confiscate or destroy the copies produced through infringement, and may also impose a fine; where the circumstances are serious, the said department may, in addition, confiscate the material, tools and instruments mainly used to produce copies through infringement; and where a crime is constituted, criminal liabilities shall be investigated in accordance with law:
(1) reproducing, distributing, performing, presenting, broadcasting, compiling a work or making it available to the public through information network, without permission of the copyright owner, except where otherwise provided for in this Law;
(2) publishing a book the exclusive right of publication in which is enjoyed by another person;
(3) reproducing or distributing a sound recording or video recording of a performance, or making a performance available to the public through information network, without permission of the performer, except where otherwise provided for in this Law;
(4) reproducing or distributing a product of sound recording or video recording or making it available to the public through information network, without permission of the producer, except where otherwise provided for in this Law;
(5) rebroadcasting a radio or television program or reproducing such a program without permission, except where otherwise provided for in this Law;
(6) intentionally circumventing or sabotaging the technological measures adopted by a copyright owner or an owner of the rights related to the copyright to protect the copyright or the rights related to the copyright in the work or the products sound recording or video recording, without permission of the owner, except where otherwise provided for in laws or administrative regulations;
(7) intentionally removing or altering any electronic rights management information attached to a copy of a work, a product of sound recording or video recording, etc. without permission of the copyright owner or the owner of the rights related to the copyright, except where otherwise provided for in this Law; or
(8) producing or selling a work the authorship of which is counterfeited.
Article 48 Anyone who infringes upon the copyright or a right related to the copyright shall pay compensation for the actual losses suffered by the right owner, or where the actual losses are difficult to calculate, pay compensation to the amount of the unlawful gains of the infringer. The compensation shall include the reasonable expenses that the right owner has paid for putting a stop to the infringement.
Where the actual losses of the right owner or the unlawful gains of the infringer cannot be determined, the People's Court shall, in light of the circumstances of the infringement, decide on a compensation amounting to not more than 500,000 RMB yuan.
Article 49 Where a copyright owner or an owner of a right related to the copyright who can present evidence to prove that another person is committing, or is about to commit, an infringement upon his right, which, unless prevented promptly, is likely to cause irreparable harm to his legitimate rights and interests, he may, before taking legal proceedings, apply to a People's Court for measures to order discontinuation of the infringement and to preserve property.
When dealing with the application specified in the preceding paragraph, the People's Court shall apply the provisions in Article 93 through Article 96 and Article 99 of the Civil Procedure Law of the People's Republic of China.
Article 50 In order to prevent infringement, a copyright owner or an owner of a right related to the copyright may, before taking legal proceedings, apply to a People's Court for preserving evidence, where the evidence is likely to be missing or is difficult to obtain later.
After accepting the application, the People's Court shall make a ruling within 48 hours. Where it rules to adopt preservation measures, it shall have the measures enforced immediately.
The People's Court may order the applicant to provide a guarantee, and shall reject the application where the applicant fails to do so.
Where the applicant fails to take legal proceedings within 15 days from the date the People's Court adopts the preservation measure, the People's Court shall terminate the measure.
Article 51 When trying a case where the copyright or a right related to it is infringed upon, the People's Court may rule to confiscate the unlawful gains, the products of infringement and money and things of value used for illegal activities.
Article 52 A publisher or a producer of reproductions who fails to prove that he is legally authorized publishing or producing of the reproductions, or a distributor of reproductions or a renter of reproductions of a cinematographic work or a work created by a process analogous to cinematography, computer software, sound recording or video recording who fails to prove the legal source of the reproductions that he distributes or rents, shall bear legal liabilities.
Article 53 Any party who fails to perform his contractual obligations, or performs them at variance with the agreed conditions in the contract, shall bear civil liabilities in accordance with the relevant provisions of the General Principles of the Civil Law of the People's Republic of China, the Contract Law of the People's Republic of China and other related laws.
Article 54 Any dispute over copyright may be settled through mediation, it may also be submitted to an arbitration body for arbitration under a written arbitration agreement between the parties or under the arbitration clause in the copyright contract.
Any party may take legal proceedings directly in a People's Court where there is neither a written arbitration agreement between the parties nor an arbitration clause in the contract.
Article 55 Any party that is not satisfied with an administrative penalty, may taking legal proceedings in a People's Court within three months from the date he receives the written decision on the penalty. Where the party neither takes legal proceedings nor implements the decision at the expiration of the time limit, the administrative department for copyright may apply to the People's Court for enforcement.
Chapter VI Supplementary Provisions
Article 56 The term zhuzuoquan (copyright) as used in this Law means banquan commonly used in the country.
Article 57 The term publish as used in Article 2 of this Law means reproducing and distributing of a work.
Article 58 Measures for the protection of computer software and of the right of communication through information network shall be formulated separately by the State Council.
Article 59 The rights of copyright owners, publishers, performers, producers of sound recordings and video recordings, radio stations and television stations, as provided for in this Law, shall, if the term of their protection specified in this Law has not yet expired on the date this Law goes into effect, be protected in accordance with this Law.
Any act of tort or breach of contract committed prior to the date this Law goes into effect shall be dealt with in accordance with the relevant regulations or policies in force at the time when such act was committed.
Article 60 This Law shall go into effect on June 1, 1991.
中国 -驰名商标认定有关的立法和资料
作者:Donnie 日期:2013-05-20
Below is a collection of the legislations and judicial interpretations relevant to the determination of Well-known Trademarks in PRC.
中华人民共和国商标法(2001修正) PRC Trademark Law
http://www.sipo.gov.cn/sipo/flfg/sb/fljxzfg/200703/t20070329_147971.htm
2002 中华人民共和国商标法实施条例
http://news.xinhuanet.com/zhengfu/2002-08/12/content_520370.htm
2002 最高人民法院关于审理商标民事纠纷案件适用法律若干问题的解释
http://www.saic.gov.cn/spw/flfg/200904/t20090408_55194.html
《风声》作者诉苹果公司网络侵权案宣判:苹果一审败诉
作者:Donnie 日期:2013-05-06
转载自中国法院网: 《风声》作者诉苹果公司网络侵权案宣判:苹果一审败诉
2004《广播电视视频点播业务管理办法》
作者:Donnie 日期:2013-04-26
国家广播电影电视总局令
文化部:进口网络游戏内容审查申报指南
作者:Donnie 日期:2013-04-19
为进一步完善进口网络游戏内容审查工作,依据《网络游戏管理暂行办法》(文化部令第49号)和《互联网文化管理暂行规定》(文化部令第51号),特制订本指南。
一、申报主体
1、申报单位应为经批准设立的网络游戏经营单位。
2、网络游戏经营单位应当在对拟进口的网络游戏内容进行自审后,再向文化部提出申请。
3、申报审查的进口网络游戏应当为独家授权使用,其版权贸易或运营代理协议必须符合我国《合同法》、《著作权法》等法律法规的有关规定,并不得有显失公正的条款。待文化部内容审查通过后,上述协议方可生效。
4、进口中国香港、澳门特别行政区和台湾地区的网络游戏参照外国网络游戏办理相关手续。
5、申请进口网络游戏内容审查的网络游戏运营企业应当确保所申报的网络游戏研发完整,与正式运营(或公测)的版本相一致。
二、申报所需材料
(一)初次申报所需材料
1.文化部进口网络游戏内容审查申报表(见附件1);
2.游戏主题及内容说明书;
3.游戏操作说明;
4.游戏样品:
(1)客户端游戏:提供3份游戏客户端(网络游戏软件客户端程序,以CD-ROM或DVD光盘为载体,在光盘上粘贴“游戏公司-游戏名称”格式的标志),并提供3份登录账号及其相应密码,该账号应当可以遍历游戏全部场景和功能;
(2)网页游戏:提供游戏服务器登录地址,并提供3份登录账号及其相应密码,该账号应当可以遍历游戏全部场景和功能;
(3)手机游戏:提供装有报备游戏的手机3台(备案后退还)或可在电脑上使用的模拟器地址,并提供登录账号及其相应密码,该账号应当可以遍历游戏全部场景和功能;
(4)其他游戏:根据游戏情况提供3份可遍历所有游戏内容的载体或媒介。
5.游戏中全部对白、旁白、描述性文字及游戏主题曲、插曲的歌词文本(中、外文文本,此项只需提供电子版);
6.版权贸易或运营代理协议(中、外文文本)、原始版权证明书、版权授权书副本或复印件(加盖公章);
7.输出国家或地区对该游戏的分级评价或有关证明(注:若无分级材料则需提供此游戏在原产地无分级的说明文件并加盖公章);
8.申请单位的《网络文化经营许可证》和《营业执照》复印件(加盖公章);
9.自行审核报告(要求按照《网络游戏管理暂行办法》对游戏内容进行自审自查,必须写明是否存在违反相关规定的内容,含可能存在争议内容的相关说明,加盖公章);
10.内容审查所需的其他文件。
(二)内容实质性变动申报所需材料
1.文化部进口网络游戏内容实质性变动审查申报表(见附件2);
2.对拟变动内容的自审报告(加盖公章);
3.涵盖所有拟变动内容的游戏样品及相应账号(3份);
4.拟变动内容的具体说明;
5.拟变动内容中的全部对白、旁白、描述性文字及游戏主题曲、插曲的歌词文本(中、外文文本,此项只需提供电子版);
6.以视频形式表现所有拟变动内容的光盘。
三、申报流程
(一)将书面内容审查材料快递至文化部文化市场司网络文化处(北京市朝阳门北大街10号,100020,010-59882100);
(二)登录“文化部网络游戏内容审查网上申报及进度查询系统”(ccnt.cstc.org.cn),录入游戏基本信息并将电子版内容审查材料打包上传(注:对于初次申报内容审查的网络文化经营单位,文化部将于收到书面材料5个工作日后在系统上开通账户,账户名为《网络文化经营许可证》上的公司中文名称,初始密码为123456,登陆后请及时修改密码);
(三)文化部将在系统中发布材料补充通知,请各申报单位及时登陆系统查询进度并在规定期限内及时补全相关材料;对超期未补全材料的,将退回材料并视为放弃本次申报;
(四)文化部收到进口网络游戏内容审查申请后20个工作日(不含专家审查时间)内,由审查委员会对进口网络游戏进行内容审查。审查合格的,发给“中华人民共和国进口网络游戏批准单”,准予上线运营;审查不合格的,不予进口,并说明理由。
四、相关工作要求
(一)国务院文化行政部门负责网络游戏内容审查,并聘请有关专家承担网络游戏内容审查、备案与鉴定的有关咨询和事务性工作。
(二)国务院文化行政部门依法对进口网络游戏进行内容审查。进口网络游戏应当在获得国务院文化行政部门内容审查批准后,方可上网运营。
(三)申报进口网络游戏内容审查的,应当为依法获得独占性授权的网络游戏运营企业。
批准进口的网络游戏变更运营企业的,由变更后的运营企业,按照《网络游戏管理暂行办法》第十一条的规定,向国务院文化行政部门重新申报。
经批准的进口网络游戏应当在其运营网站指定位置及游戏内显著位置标明批准文号。
(四)进口网络游戏内容上网运营后需要进行实质性变动的,网络游戏运营企业应当将拟变更的内容报国务院文化行政部门进行内容审查。
网络游戏内容的实质性变动是指在网络游戏故事背景、情节语言、地名设置、任务设计、经济系统、交易系统、生产建设系统、社交系统、对抗功能、角色形象、声音效果、地图道具、动作呈现、团队系统等方面发生显著变化。
(五)自批准之日起一年内未在国内运营的,申报单位应当报文化部备案并说明原因;决定终止进口的,文化部撤销其进口批准文号。
卫生部办公厅关于征求《食品添加剂使用标准》(征求意见稿)意见的函
作者:Donnie 日期:2013-04-08
卫办监督函〔2013〕203号
各有关单位:
根据《食品安全法》及其实施条例的规定,我部组织修订了《食品安全国家标准食品添加剂使用标准》(征求意见稿)(附件1)。现向社会公开征求意见,请于2013年5月15日前将意见反馈表(附件2)以传真或电子邮件形式反馈我部。
传 真:010-52165424
电子信箱:zqyj@cfsa.net.cn
附件:1.食品添加剂使用标准(征求意见稿).pdf
卫生部办公厅
2013年3月11日












