我曾经在不同帖子里提到过《中大学生报》“情色版”事件（点这里、这里、这里和这里）。10月21日，香港高等法院作出了司法复核的判决。这里转载几个相关新闻。
香港高等法院10月21日裁定：《明報》及中大學生報前總編輯，就去年情色版事件提出的司法覆核獲判勝訴，兼可獲得堂費。
法官指，淫審處在評定一些文章及照片時，應個別每一件去處理，而不應一次過審批一大批物品。此外淫審處在評級時，理據也不清晰，所以裁定明報及中大學生勝訴。
淫審處是在去年裁定兩期中大學生報的情色版為第二類不雅，《明報》其後轉載了部分內容，亦被評為不雅物品，明報及中大學生於是提出上訴。
关于三聚氰胺，前两天已经写了一篇帖子。罗哩叭嗦半天，意思其实很简单：一条道德高尚的管制标准（蛋白质含量必须达到一定标准），却让企业在理性上更容易选择不道德的行为。今天这篇是续集。
在奶粉的事情闹大以后，据说卫生部出台了一个新的标准：“乳制品及含乳食品中三聚氰胺临时管理限量值”，规定婴幼儿配方乳粉中最高不超1毫克/公斤，液态奶，奶粉，其他配方乳粉，含乳15%以上的产品不超过不超过2.5毫克/公斤。为什么允许少量的三聚氰胺在食品中存在呢，第一是不影响健康；第二是三聚氰胺会通过环境和食品包装材料进入食品内，所以允许微量存在。同时，卫生部又称三聚氰胺不是食品原料，也不是食品添加剂，所以禁止人为添加。
根本不用搜索，我就能猜到会有人持诸如此类的评论：
难道1毫克不是有毒的吗？为什么要让食品中存在三聚氰胺合法化？既然婴儿的可以控制在1毫克以下，为什么其它的要2.5毫克？等等。
“三聚氰胺”是一种化学原料，人体摄入后，会产生肾结石，尤其是婴儿，可能因此导致死亡。因此三聚氰胺不能食用，也不应作为食品添加剂。尽管如此，由于添加了三聚氰胺后，低蛋白质含量的奶粉可以骗过国家质监局的仪器，达到国家规定的蛋白质含量标准，所以一些企业就采用这种方法来达到以次充好的目的。
上面这段话，就是最近引起轩然大波的三鹿奶粉事件的核心部分，相信很多人已经非常熟悉。对于这种无视消费者健康，故意掺入有害物质的行为，人们很愤怒，几乎是异口同声地予指责企业家的道德——“企业家身上应该流着道德的血液”！
的确，不但是企业家，任何人身上都应该流着道德的血液。问题是，什么样的机制，才更有利于将这种“应然”转变为“实然”？或者反过来说，是什么样的原因，竟然让一些企业家丧失这种本来理所当然的基本价值观？这个问题非常宏大，需要高瞻远瞩的大智慧才能全面把握。本文所要说的，只是其中一个很小的方面，一个与法治理念有关、为众多论者所忽视的技术性问题：强制性标准的恰当性。
cf89e13f
小时候有个笑话，说的是一位老乡进城。没见过高楼的他，在街边昂着头数楼层。
突然，闪出个戴红袖章的，大声质问老乡：“你在干什么？”
“我……在数这栋楼有几层。”老乡吓了一跳，战战兢兢地说。
昨日上午9时，微软(中国)公司因不服中国国家知识产权局专利复审委员会驳回其申请郑码输入法专利无效的裁决，而起诉专利复审委的案件，在北京市第一中级人民法院开庭，双方围绕郑码专利是否有效这一焦点展开约100分钟的激辩，案件未当庭宣判。
A revised version of this essay was published in The Standard (Student Edition), 17 September 2008, p. E05.
Is a Justice of the Peace a Judge?
Donnie DONG*
As an Andy Lau fan, I am delighted to hear that he was appointed a Justice of the Peace (JP, 太平紳士) by the Hong Kong government this July.[1] What exactly is a JP? Is a JP a Judge? Let’s review the story of JP and see what Andy is supposed to do in his new position.
In ancient Britain, the rule of law was not perfectly established, so the King had to look for reputable knights to keep the peace in unruly areas. Those knights, appointed as “Keepers of the Peace” (和平維護官),[2] were widely respected by the residents in their counties. In 1327, an Act referred to "good and lawful men" to be appointed in every county in the British land to "guard the peace".[3] They were called “Conservators of the Peace” (和平守護官).[4] As such they were authorized to curtail wanderers, dissipate all mutinous and riotous groups, and crack down on thieves and outlaws, and other persons disaffected to the peace. In 1361, their name was altered to “Justice of the Peace” because a statute authorized them to try (審理) the felonies (違法行爲) happening in their own communities.[5] We can conclude, therefore, that JPs were originally judges in the history of British judicial system.
During the colonial times (殖民時代), the British JP tradition had spread around the world. Many colonized countries and regions, such as Australia,[6] New Zealand,[7] Canada,[8] Malaysia,[9] certain states in the United States,[10] as well as Hong Kong,[11] had established their own systems of JP. However, the JP system in different countries began to evolve variously over time. In some countries, JPs still sit in the local courts hearing and judging cases,[12] while in other jurisdictions (法域) such as Hong Kong, the JP’s function of judging the cases has been taken over by full-time, legally-qualified magistrates (裁判官).The reason for this replacement is that the legal system has been more and more complicated, and only professional lawyers can ensure consistency in legal judgments. The result of this development is that in contemporary Hong Kong, JPs are actually not real judges.
Although the responsibility of hearing cases has been shifted to the magistrates, JPs are still very important to the peace of our society because they are all honourable persons with great influence over our communities.[13] According to the law, a JP may visit any custodial institution (羈押院所) or detained person (被羈押者) and receive complaints.[14] This is essential for protecting the human rights (人權) of the detained persons. In other words, as a JP, Andy Lau has the power to investigate any wrongful treatment of prisoners, juvenile offenders (少年犯) and mental patients, or he can refer the cases to the institutions concerned for follow-up actions.[15] That means he will not only act as heroes in movies, but also be a real guardian of justice for Hong Kong people.
“It was a great honour.” Andy said. Yes, indeed. I definitely agree with him, whether as his fan or as a lawyer.
——————————————————————————–
* Donnie DONG, PhD Candidate in City University of Hong Kong.
[1] G.N. (E.) 30 of 2008, in Gazette, No. 26 Vol. 12 (1 July 2008).
[2] James Birch Sharpe, An Inquiry Into the origin of the Office and Title of the Justice of the Peace (Shaw and Sons, 1841), p. ix.
[3] See Her Majesty’s Court Service, The History of Justices of the Peace (Magistrates) , available at http://www.hmcourts-service.gov.uk/aboutus/history/magistrates.htm.
[4] Sharpe, p. 108.
[5] Edward Hasted, The History and Topographical Survey of the County of Kent: Volume 1 (1797), pp. 215-221.
[6] See http://www.australia.gov.au/Justices_of_the_Peace.
[7] See Justice of the Peace Act 1957, New Zealand.
[8] See Justice of the Peace Act, R.S.N.W.T. 1988, c.J-3.
[9] The Justices of the Peace in Malaysia are appointed by states separately. See for example: http://www.jppenang.org/.
[10] Many states in the United States have their own system of Justice of the Peace, such as Arizona, Massachusetts, Connecticut, Vermont, New Hampshire, and so forth.
[11] See Justices of the Peace ordinance, Hong Kong.
[12] For example, In Ontario (Canada), a justice of the peace has judicial jurisdiction throughout the province. See Justices of the Peace Act, R.S.O. 1990, c. J.4, s. 17 (1).
[13] For a list of JPs of Hong Kong, see http://www.info.gov.hk/jp/eng/JPList_g.htm.
[14] See Art. 5, Justices of the Peace ordinance, Hong Kong.
[15] See Administration Wing of the Chief Secretary for Administration’s Office, 2007 Annual Report on JP Visits, p. 3, available at http://www.info.gov.hk/jp/eng/anreport07_eng.pdf.
A revised version of this essay was published in The Standard (Student Edition), 17 September 2008, p. E05.
此为全国人大公开征求意见稿，可于2008年10月10日前，进入下面的地址提意见。为了方便阅读，我将修正案所涉及到的专利法现行条文放到每一条下面。
http://210.82.31.29/COBRS_LFYJ/user/Law.jsp
中华人民共和国专利法修正案(草案)
一、 将第一条修改为：“为了保护专利权，鼓励发明创造，推动发明创造的管理、应用，提高自主创新能力，促进科学技术进步和经济社会发展，建设创新型国家，制定本法。”
豆注，现行条文如下：
第一条 为了保护发明创造专利权，鼓励发明创造，有利于发明创造的推广应用，促进科学技术进步和创新，适应社会主义现代化建设的需要，特制定本法。
二、 在第五条中增加一款，作为第二款：“依赖遗传资源完成的发明创造，该遗传资源的获取或者利用违反有关法律、行政法规的规定的，不授予专利权。”
豆注，现行条文如下：
第五条 对违反国家法律、社会公德或者妨害公共利益的发明创造，不授予专利权。
根据我国现行法律规则，无论是个人还是组织从事经营性活动都是要办执照的，电子商务按理说也不例外——最近引起争论的北京市工商局的“网店新规”（相关争论，请用鼠标砸这里），严格地说其实只不过是延续了既有的法律规定。
问题是，中国的任何有关营业执照登记的法律，都规定登记人必须有“经营场所”，而网店的“经营场所”究竟是什么，却实在是一个在理论上和实践中都要讨论的问题。这里暂不展开应然性的理论分析，只将实际的情况摆出来：按照现在的规则，如果要办营业执照，你就必须有一个真实存在的（不管是租的还是自有物业）营业场所，因为在登记的时候，你需要出示房屋产权证明或者租赁契约。
更大的问题在于，即使房子就是你自己的，也要看这个房子究竟是“经营性用房”还是“住宅”，如果是住宅那么你就惨了，因为《物权法》中有这么一条规定：
在当代出版史上，溥仪所著《我的前半生》（点书名订购2006年版）是生命力旺盛的作品。问世四十多年以来，印刷二十多次，累计印数近200万册（还不包括盗版），而且仍然有长盛不衰的趋势。与此同时，这也是一项在中国著作权法历史上极为著名的作品。如果是在知识产权制度较为发达的国家，与该书有关的问题在理论上本来都不大，但由于该书恰恰与中国著作权法发展的历史步调相契合，因而阴差阳错地成为一个著名的案例。
作者溥仪于1967年去世，因此这本书的著作财产权将持续到2017年12月31日。以下稍微记录一下这部进入“后半生”的作品的大事年谱：
1、用手插入米缸的米里面插来插去
2、地下有阶砖时，特意隔一格一格来走（不可走过界，要完全在格内）
3、用镜面反射阳光，照来照去
4、铺张纸在硬币上面，然后用铅笔在上面描，描个形出来
5、吃完瑞士糖之后，将糖纸包回原本四四方方的形状出来
6、超级市场踩着购物车行走
7、贴张写着“我是白痴”的纸条在同学的背后
8、拍别人左边 站在别人右边
9、踩别人的影子
10、丢别人门口的拖鞋下楼
11、下楼梯时坐在扶手上面滑下来
12、在电梯上往相反方向走
13、用萤光笔油指甲
14、下雨打伞，总是故意地转那把伞
15、家里没人时，对着镜子学跳舞／演戏／唱歌
16、在街上见到狗就扮猫叫，见到猫就扮狗吠
17、下雨的时候,拿起伞故意往雨大的地方走去 听雨啪啪的声音 感觉很爽
18、玩家电包装里的那张有很多泡泡的塑料膜,把泡泡一个一个按破